{"id":914,"date":"2025-04-01T08:55:38","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T08:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sintesi.inscastellbisbal.net\/offtube\/?p=914"},"modified":"2025-04-01T08:57:47","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T08:57:47","slug":"vagrantfile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sintesi.inscastellbisbal.net\/offtube\/2025\/04\/01\/vagrantfile\/","title":{"rendered":"VagrantFile."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Vagrant.configure(“2”) do |config|<\/div>
# Definim la xarxa comuna per a totes les m\u00e0quines<\/div>
config.vm.network “private_network”, type: “dhcp”<\/div>
\u00a0<\/div>
# \ud83d\udccc M\u00e0quina CLIENT (Ubuntu Desktop)<\/div>
config.vm.define “client” do |client|<\/div>
client.vm.box = ” generic\/ubuntu2204 “<\/div>
client.vm.hostname = “client-vm”<\/div>
client.vm.network “private_network”, ip: “192.168.56.101”<\/div>
client.vm.provider “virtualbox” do |vb|<\/div>
vb.memory = “2048”<\/div>
vb.cpus = 2<\/div>
end<\/div>
end<\/div>
\u00a0<\/div>
# \ud83d\udccc M\u00e0quina SERVIDOR (Ubuntu Server)<\/div>
config.vm.define “servidor” do |servidor|<\/div>
servidor.vm.box = “generic\/ubuntu2204”<\/div>
servidor.vm.hostname = “servidor-vm”<\/div>
servidor.vm.network “private_network”, ip: “192.168.56.102”<\/div>
servidor.vm.provider “virtualbox” do |vb|<\/div>
vb.memory = “4096”<\/div>
vb.cpus = 4<\/div>
end<\/div>
# Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 b\u00e0sica de serveis per al servidor<\/div>
servidor.vm.provision “shell”, inline: <<-SHELL<\/div>
apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y<\/div>
apt-get install -y apache2 mysql-server<\/div>
systemctl enable apache2 mysql<\/div>
SHELL<\/div>
end<\/div>
\u00a0<\/div>
# \ud83d\udccc M\u00e0quina ADMINISTRADOR (Windows 11 + WSL2)<\/div>
config.vm.define “admin” do |admin|<\/div>
admin.vm.box = “gusztavvargadr\/windows-11”<\/div>
admin.vm.hostname = “admin-vm”<\/div>
admin.vm.network “private_network”, ip: “192.168.56.103”<\/div>
admin.vm.provider “virtualbox” do |vb|<\/div>
vb.memory = “4096”<\/div>
vb.cpus = 4<\/div>
end<\/div>
# Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de WSL i eines de xarxa<\/div>
admin.vm.provision “shell”, inline: <<-SHELL<\/div>
dism.exe \/online \/enable-feature \/featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux \/all \/norestart<\/div>
dism.exe \/online \/enable-feature \/featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform \/all \/norestart<\/div>
SHELL<\/div>
end<\/div>
end<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\ud83d\udccc Explicaci\u00f3 detallada del Vagrantfile i la seva justificaci\u00f3 per al projecte<\/strong><\/h3>

\ud83d\udd0d Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s Vagrant i per qu\u00e8 l\u2019usem en el nostre projecte?<\/strong><\/h2>

Vagrant \u00e9s una eina que ens permet crear, configurar i gestionar m\u00e0quines virtuals de manera f\u00e0cil, r\u00e0pida i escalable<\/strong>. Per al nostre projecte, necessitem un entorn virtualitzat on puguem treballar amb diferents Sistemes Operatius (SO)<\/strong> sense haver d\u2019instal\u00b7lar-los f\u00edsicament en els nostres equips. \ud83d\udda5\ufe0f<\/p>

Aix\u00f2 ens aporta grans avantatges:<\/p>

\u2705 Facilitat de desplegament<\/strong>: Amb una sola comanda (vagrant up<\/code>), tenim les nostres m\u00e0quines llestes per funcionar.
\u2705 Reprodu\u00efble i escalable<\/strong>: Si un company necessita el mateix entorn, nom\u00e9s ha d’executar el Vagrantfile.
\u2705 A\u00efllament d’entorns<\/strong>: Podem provar configuracions sense afectar el nostre sistema operatiu principal.
\u2705 Automatitzaci\u00f3<\/strong>: Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 autom\u00e0tica de paquets i configuracions per estalviar temps.<\/p>

En aquest Vagrantfile, definim tres m\u00e0quines virtuals<\/strong> que representen les funcions principals del nostre projecte:<\/p>

1\ufe0f\u20e3 Client<\/strong> (usuari final) \u2192 Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop
2\ufe0f\u20e3 Servidor<\/strong> (backend) \u2192 Ubuntu Server 22.04
3\ufe0f\u20e3 Administrador<\/strong> (gesti\u00f3 de la xarxa i seguretat) \u2192 Windows 11 Pro amb WSL2<\/p>

\ud83d\udda5\ufe0f Explicaci\u00f3 detallada del Vagrantfile<\/strong><\/h2>

\ud83d\udd39 Xarxa privada per a comunicaci\u00f3 entre m\u00e0quines<\/strong><\/h3>
ruby<\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
config.vm.network \"private_network\"<\/span>, type:<\/span> \"dhcp\"<\/span>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

\ud83d\udd39 Aix\u00f2 ens permet que totes les m\u00e0quines es comuniquin entre elles sense exposar-se a la xarxa p\u00fablica.<\/p>

\ud83d\udccc Configuraci\u00f3 de la m\u00e0quina CLIENT (Ubuntu Desktop)<\/strong><\/h3>
ruby<\/div>
config.vm.define \"client\"<\/span> do<\/span> |client<\/span>|\n client.vm.box = \"generic\/ubuntu2204\"<\/span>\n client.vm.hostname = \"client-vm\"<\/span>\n client.vm.network \"private_network\"<\/span>, ip:<\/span> \"192.168.56.101\"<\/span>\n client.vm.provider \"virtualbox\"<\/span> do<\/span> |vb<\/span>|\n vb.memory = \"2048\"<\/span>\n vb.cpus = 2<\/span>\n end<\/span>\nend<\/span>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

\ud83d\udd39 SO escollit<\/strong>: Ubuntu Desktop 22.04, perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s una distribuci\u00f3 estable, segura i f\u00e0cil d’usar per als usuaris finals.
\ud83d\udd39 Assignaci\u00f3 de recursos<\/strong>: 2GB de RAM i 2 CPU, suficient per a aplicacions d’usuari.
\ud83d\udd39 Connexi\u00f3 de xarxa<\/strong>: T\u00e9 una IP fixa 192.168.56.101<\/code> per comunicar-se amb les altres m\u00e0quines.<\/p>

\ud83d\udccc Configuraci\u00f3 de la m\u00e0quina SERVIDOR (Ubuntu Server)<\/strong><\/h3>
ruby<\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
config.vm.define \"servidor\"<\/span> do<\/span> |servidor<\/span>|\n servidor.vm.box = \"generic\/ubuntu2204\"<\/span>\n servidor.vm.hostname = \"servidor-vm\"<\/span>\n servidor.vm.network \"private_network\"<\/span>, ip:<\/span> \"192.168.56.102\"<\/span>\n servidor.vm.provider \"virtualbox\"<\/span> do<\/span> |vb<\/span>|\n vb.memory = \"4096\"<\/span>\n vb.cpus = 4<\/span>\n end<\/span>\n servidor.vm.provision \"shell\"<\/span>, inline:<\/span> <<-SHELL\n apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y\n apt-get install -y apache2 mysql-server\n systemctl enable apache2 mysql\n SHELL<\/span>\nend<\/span>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

\ud83d\udd39 SO escollit<\/strong>: Ubuntu Server 22.04, perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s lleuger, estable i ideal per a entorns de servidors.
\ud83d\udd39 Assignaci\u00f3 de recursos<\/strong>: M\u00e9s pot\u00e8ncia que el client (4GB RAM i 4 CPU) per manejar serveis com bases de dades i servidors web.
\ud83d\udd39 IP fixa<\/strong> 192.168.56.102<\/code>, permetent als clients i administradors connectar-se.
\ud83d\udd39 Provisioning autom\u00e0tic<\/strong> \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f: Instal\u00b7la i configura Apache (servidor web) i MySQL (base de dades) perqu\u00e8 el servidor estigui operatiu des del primer moment.<\/p>

\ud83d\udccc Configuraci\u00f3 de la m\u00e0quina ADMINISTRADOR (Windows 11 Pro + WSL2)<\/strong><\/h3>
ruby<\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>
config.vm.define \"admin\"<\/span> do<\/span> |admin<\/span>|\n admin.vm.box = \"peru\/windows-11\"<\/span>\n admin.vm.hostname = \"admin-vm\"<\/span>\n admin.vm.network \"private_network\"<\/span>, ip:<\/span> \"192.168.56.103\"<\/span>\n admin.vm.provider \"virtualbox\"<\/span> do<\/span> |vb<\/span>|\n vb.memory = \"4096\"<\/span>\n vb.cpus = 4<\/span>\n end<\/span>\n admin.vm.provision \"shell\"<\/span>, inline:<\/span> <<-SHELL\n dism.exe \/online \/enable-feature \/featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux \/all \/norestart\n dism.exe \/online \/enable-feature \/featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform \/all \/norestart\n SHELL<\/span>\nend<\/span>\n<\/code><\/div><\/div>

\ud83d\udd39 SO escollit<\/strong>: Windows 11 Pro amb WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux)<\/strong>, permetent als administradors executar eines Linux directament a Windows.
\ud83d\udd39 Assignaci\u00f3 de recursos<\/strong>: 4GB RAM i 4 CPU per assegurar una gesti\u00f3 fluida.
\ud83d\udd39 IP fixa<\/strong> 192.168.56.103<\/code> per permetre connexi\u00f3 amb les altres m\u00e0quines.
\ud83d\udd39 Provisioning autom\u00e0tic<\/strong>: Activa WSL2 i Virtual Machine Platform<\/strong>, facilitant l\u2019\u00fas de comandes Linux.<\/p>

\ud83d\udd0e Justificaci\u00f3 de la nostra elecci\u00f3 de SO per al projecte<\/strong><\/h2>

\ud83d\udccc Ubuntu Desktop per als Clients<\/strong>:
\u2714\ufe0f \u00c9s intu\u00eftiu i accessible per als usuaris finals.
\u2714\ufe0f Compatible amb la majoria d’aplicacions d’ofim\u00e0tica i navegaci\u00f3.
\u2714\ufe0f Seguretat refor\u00e7ada en comparaci\u00f3 amb altres SO d’escriptori.<\/p>

\ud83d\udccc Ubuntu Server per al Backend<\/strong>:
\u2714\ufe0f Sistema lleuger i optimitzat per servidors.
\u2714\ufe0f Seguretat i estabilitat millorades, ideal per a serveis web i bases de dades.
\u2714\ufe0f F\u00e0cil administraci\u00f3 i automatitzaci\u00f3 amb apt<\/code> i systemctl<\/code>.<\/p>

\ud83d\udccc Windows 11 Pro + WSL2 per als Administradors<\/strong>:
\u2714\ufe0f Compatible amb eines empresarials i de gesti\u00f3 de xarxes.
\u2714\ufe0f WSL2 permet executar eines de Linux<\/strong> sense necessitat de m\u00e0quines virtuals addicionals.
\u2714\ufe0f Entorn ideal per gestionar tant clients Windows com servidors Linux.<\/p>

\ud83c\udfc6 Beneficis d\u2019aquesta infraestructura virtualitzada<\/strong><\/h2>

\ud83d\udca1 Flexibilitat<\/strong>: Podem modificar f\u00e0cilment les configuracions sense reinstal\u00b7lar tot l’entorn.
\ud83d\udca1 Estabilitat<\/strong>: Les m\u00e0quines es poden restaurar f\u00e0cilment si hi ha algun error.
\ud83d\udca1 Productivitat<\/strong>: Tot el sistema s’aixeca en segons amb vagrant up<\/code>, evitant p\u00e8rdues de temps en instal\u00b7lacions manuals.
\ud83d\udca1 A\u00efllament<\/strong>: No afecta el sistema operatiu principal del nostre ordinador, permetent fer proves sense risc.<\/p>

\ud83d\udce2 Conclusi\u00f3<\/strong><\/h2>

Gr\u00e0cies a Vagrant, hem creat un entorn de xarxa virtualitzada<\/strong> on cada m\u00e0quina t\u00e9 un rol clar i ben definit. Amb Ubuntu per als clients i servidors<\/strong>, i Windows 11 amb WSL2 per als administradors<\/strong>, podem garantir seguretat, efici\u00e8ncia i flexibilitat<\/strong> en el nostre projecte. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\ud83d\udce1 Pla d’Adre\u00e7ament IP i Subnetting per al Projecte<\/strong><\/h3>

\ud83d\udd0e Objectiu:<\/strong> Definir un pla d\u2019adre\u00e7ament IP per organitzar correctament la xarxa del projecte, assignant diferents rangos d\u2019IP<\/strong> segons el tipus de dispositiu. Aix\u00f2 millorar\u00e0 la seguretat<\/strong>, la gesti\u00f3<\/strong> i l\u2019escalabilitat<\/strong> de la xarxa.<\/p>

\ud83c\udf0d Classe de Xarxa i Rang d\u2019IP<\/strong><\/h2>

\ud83d\udda7 Xarxa base:<\/strong> 192.168.1.0\/24 (Classe C)
\ud83d\udccc M\u00e0scara de Subxarxa:<\/strong> 255.255.255.0
\ud83c\udfaf Total d\u2019IP disponibles:<\/strong> 254 (de 192.168.1.1 a 192.168.1.254)<\/p>

\ud83d\udce2 Com dividim la xarxa?<\/strong>
Per mantenir l’ordre i la seguretat, separem els dispositius en diferents subxarxes<\/strong> mitjan\u00e7ant subnetting<\/strong>.<\/p>

Segment<\/strong><\/th>Rang d\u2019IP assignat<\/strong><\/th>M\u00e0scara<\/strong><\/th>Dispositius<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\ud83c\udfaf Administraci\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>192.168.1.1 – 192.168.1.50<\/td>255.255.255.192 (\/26)<\/td>Administradors i gesti\u00f3 de xarxa<\/td><\/tr>
\ud83d\udd27 Servidors<\/strong><\/td>192.168.1.51 – 192.168.1.100<\/td>255.255.255.192 (\/26)<\/td>Servidors web, BBDD, etc.<\/td><\/tr>
\ud83d\udcbb Clients<\/strong><\/td>192.168.1.101 – 192.168.1.200<\/td>255.255.255.128 (\/25)<\/td>Equips d’usuari (port\u00e0tils, PC)<\/td><\/tr>
\ud83d\udce1 Xarxa WiFi<\/strong><\/td>192.168.1.201 – 192.168.1.250<\/td>255.255.255.128 (\/25)<\/td>Dispositius m\u00f2bils i connexions remotes<\/td><\/tr>
\ud83d\udeaa Passarel\u00b7la (Router)<\/strong><\/td>192.168.1.254<\/td>255.255.255.0 (\/24)<\/td>Router principal de la xarxa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>

\ud83d\udce2 Explicaci\u00f3 del Subnetting i Assignaci\u00f3 d\u2019IP<\/strong><\/h2>

\u2705 Administraci\u00f3 (192.168.1.1 – 192.168.1.50) [M\u00e0scara \/26]<\/strong>
\ud83d\udd39 Aquest segment est\u00e0 reservat pels administradors i dispositius de gesti\u00f3 de xarxa<\/strong> (com switches i access points).
\ud83d\udd39 Amb m\u00e0scara \/26<\/code>, obtenim 62 IPs<\/strong> (50 per dispositius i 12 per futurs dispositius de xarxa).<\/p>

\u2705 Servidors (192.168.1.51 – 192.168.1.100) [M\u00e0scara \/26]<\/strong>
\ud83d\udd39 Aquest rang est\u00e0 dedicat als servidors<\/strong> (Apache, MySQL, DNS, FTP, etc.).
\ud83d\udd39 La m\u00e0scara \/26<\/code> permet tenir 62 IPs<\/strong>, suficients per a servidors i possibles expansions.<\/p>

\u2705 Clients (192.168.1.101 – 192.168.1.200) [M\u00e0scara \/25]<\/strong>
\ud83d\udd39 Aquesta xarxa s\u2019assigna als ordinadors dels treballadors<\/strong>.
\ud83d\udd39 La m\u00e0scara \/25<\/code> ens permet tenir 126 IPs disponibles<\/strong>, assegurant espai suficient per futurs dispositius.<\/p>

\u2705 Xarxa WiFi (192.168.1.201 – 192.168.1.250) [M\u00e0scara \/25]<\/strong>
\ud83d\udd39 Aqu\u00ed connectarem dispositius m\u00f2bils, port\u00e0tils convidats i connexions remotes<\/strong>.
\ud83d\udd39 Separant-ho de la xarxa de clients, evitem que dispositius externs accedeixin directament a les dades sensibles.<\/p>

\u2705 Passarel\u00b7la \/ Router (192.168.1.254)<\/strong>
\ud83d\udd39 Assignem la IP 192.168.1.254<\/strong> al router per establir una passarel\u00b7la clara entre la xarxa interna i Internet.<\/p>

\ud83c\udfaf Beneficis d’aquest Pla d’Adre\u00e7ament<\/strong><\/h2>

\ud83d\udca1 Seguretat<\/strong> \u2192 Separar els segments evita que un atac en una secci\u00f3 afecti tota la xarxa.
\ud83d\udca1 Escalabilitat<\/strong> \u2192 Els rangs permeten afegir nous dispositius sense haver de reorganitzar tota la xarxa.
\ud83d\udca1 Rendiment<\/strong> \u2192 Distribuir dispositius en diferents subxarxes redueix la congesti\u00f3 i millora el tr\u00e0fic de xarxa.
\ud83d\udca1 Facilitat de gesti\u00f3<\/strong> \u2192 Els administradors saben exactament on es troba cada dispositiu i poden aplicar pol\u00edtiques de xarxa f\u00e0cilment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vagrant.configure(“2”) do |config|# Definim la xarxa comuna per a totes les m\u00e0quinesconfig.vm.network “private_network”, type: “dhcp”\u00a0# \ud83d\udccc M\u00e0quina CLIENT (Ubuntu Desktop)config.vm.define “client” do |client|client.vm.box = ” generic\/ubuntu2204 “client.vm.hostname = “client-vm”client.vm.network “private_network”, ip: “192.168.56.101”client.vm.provider “virtualbox” do |vb|vb.memory = “2048”vb.cpus = 2endend\u00a0# \ud83d\udccc M\u00e0quina SERVIDOR (Ubuntu Server)config.vm.define “servidor” do |servidor|servidor.vm.box = “generic\/ubuntu2204″servidor.vm.hostname = “servidor-vm”servidor.vm.network “private_network”, ip: “192.168.56.102”servidor.vm.provider “virtualbox” … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nVagrantFile. - S\u00cdNTESI 25 | OFFTUBE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sintesi.inscastellbisbal.net\/offtube\/2025\/04\/01\/vagrantfile\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"VagrantFile. - S\u00cdNTESI 25 | OFFTUBE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vagrant.configure(“2”) do |config|# Definim la xarxa comuna per a totes les m\u00e0quinesconfig.vm.network “private_network”, type: “dhcp”\u00a0# \ud83d\udccc M\u00e0quina CLIENT (Ubuntu Desktop)config.vm.define “client” do |client|client.vm.box = ” generic\/ubuntu2204 “client.vm.hostname = “client-vm”client.vm.network “private_network”, ip: “192.168.56.101”client.vm.provider “virtualbox” do |vb|vb.memory = “2048”vb.cpus = 2endend\u00a0# \ud83d\udccc M\u00e0quina SERVIDOR (Ubuntu Server)config.vm.define “servidor” do |servidor|servidor.vm.box = “generic\/ubuntu2204″servidor.vm.hostname = “servidor-vm”servidor.vm.network “private_network”, ip: “192.168.56.102”servidor.vm.provider “virtualbox” ... 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